1117

DIgitalImageProcessingImageSharp/ImageUtils.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+using OpenCvSharp;
+
+public static class ImageUtils
+{
+    public static bool TryRead(string path, out Mat mat)
+    {
+        mat = Cv2.ImRead(path, ImreadModes.Color);
+        return !mat.Empty();
+    }
+
+    public static void Save(Mat mat, string path)
+    {
+        mat.ImWrite(path);
+    }
+
+    // Apply mask to image: where mask==0 set to black
+    public static Mat ApplyMask(Mat src, Mat mask)
+    {
+        Mat dst = new Mat();
+        if (mask.Type() != MatType.CV_8U)
+        {
+            Mat tmp = new();
+            mask.ConvertTo(tmp, MatType.CV_8U);
+            mask = tmp;
+        }
+        Cv2.BitwiseAnd(src, src, dst, mask);
+        return dst;
+    }
+}

DIgitalImageProcessingImageSharp/Program.cs

@@ -1,40 +1,33 @@
 using OpenCvSharp;
-using System.Xml.Serialization;
 
-//string filepath = (@"C:\Users\Surface\Downloads\" + @"1682575881230001.png");
+string[] testFiles = [
+    @"C:\Users\Surface\Downloads\1682575881230001.png", // 风景图
+    @"C:\Users\Surface\Downloads\Sprite-0001.png", // 二值图
+    @"C:\Users\Surface\Downloads\R-C.jfif",  // 街道图
+    @"C:\Users\Surface\Downloads\OIP.webp" // 指纹图
+    ];
+string filepath = testFiles[3];
 
-int year = 2025;
+if (!ImageUtils.TryRead(filepath, out Mat image))
-bool isLeap1 = DateTime.IsLeapYear(year);
-bool isLeap2 = (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0);
-bool isLeap3 = year switch
 {
-	_ when year % 400 == 0 => true,
+    Console.WriteLine("Failed to read image: " + filepath);
-	_ when year % 100 == 0 => false,
+    return;
-	_ when year % 4 == 0 => true,
+}
-	_ => false,
-};
-bool isLeap4 = year % 4 == 0 ? (year % 100 == 0 ? (year % 400 == 0 ? true : false) : true) : false;
-bool isLeap5 = year % 4 != 0 ? false : year % 100 != 0 ? true : year % 400 == 0 ? true : false;
 
-Console.WriteLine(isLeap1);
-Console.WriteLine(isLeap2);
-Console.WriteLine(isLeap3);
-Console.WriteLine(isLeap4);
-Console.WriteLine(isLeap5);
 
-string filepath = (@"C:\Users\Surface\Downloads\" + @"sprite-0001.png");
 
-Mat image = Cv2.ImRead(filepath);
+int thresholdValue = 128;
-InputArray kernel = InputArray.Create<int>(new int[,] {
+int thresholdDelta = 30;
-	{ 0, 1, 0 },
-	{ 1, 1, 1 },
-	{ 0, 1, 0 }
-}, MatType.CV_8U);
-Mat dst = new();
-//Cv2.Filter2D(image, dst, image.Depth(), kernel);
 
-Cv2.Dilate(image, dst, kernel);
+Mat gray = new();
+Cv2.CvtColor(image, gray, ColorConversionCodes.BGR2GRAY);
 
-dst = dst - image;
+Mat img1 = new(), img2 = new();
+float delta = float.MaxValue;
+int loopCount = 0;
 
-dst.ImWrite(@"C:\Users\Surface\Downloads\" + @"filtered_opencv.png");
+while(delta > thresholdValue)
+{
+    //Cv2.Threshold(gray, img1, thresholdValue, 255, ThresholdTypes.Binary);
+
+}

DIgitalImageProcessingImageSharp/Segmentation.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+using OpenCvSharp;
+
+public static class Segmentation
+{
+    // Otsu thresholding workflow: convert to gray, blur, Otsu threshold
+    public static Mat OtsuThreshold(Mat src)
+    {
+        Mat gray = new();
+        Cv2.CvtColor(src, gray, ColorConversionCodes.BGR2GRAY);
+        Mat blur = new();
+        Cv2.GaussianBlur(gray, blur, new Size(5, 5), 0);
+        Mat mask = new();
+        Cv2.Threshold(blur, mask, 0, 255, ThresholdTypes.Binary | ThresholdTypes.Otsu);
+        return mask;
+    }
+
+    // K-means color segmentation
+    public static Mat KMeansSegmentation(Mat src, int k = 2, int attempts = 5)
+    {
+        // Reshape to a 2D samples matrix where each row is a pixel and columns are channels
+        Mat samples = src.Reshape(1, src.Rows * src.Cols);
+        Mat samples32f = new();
+        samples.ConvertTo(samples32f, MatType.CV_32F);
+
+        Mat labels = new();
+        TermCriteria criteria = new TermCriteria(CriteriaTypes.Eps | CriteriaTypes.MaxIter, 10, 1.0);
+        Mat centers = new();
+
+        Cv2.Kmeans(samples32f, k, labels, criteria, attempts, KMeansFlags.PpCenters, centers);
+
+        // Build segmented image by mapping each pixel to its cluster center color
+        Mat result = new Mat(src.Rows, src.Cols, src.Type());
+        int cols = src.Cols;
+        for (int r = 0; r < src.Rows; r++)
+        {
+            for (int c = 0; c < cols; c++)
+            {
+                int idx = r * cols + c;
+                int clusterIdx = labels.At<int>(idx, 0);
+                byte b = (byte)Clamp(centers.At<float>(clusterIdx, 0));
+                byte g = (byte)Clamp(centers.At<float>(clusterIdx, 1));
+                byte rcol = (byte)Clamp(centers.At<float>(clusterIdx, 2));
+                result.Set(r, c, new Vec3b(b, g, rcol));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Simple morphological cleaning (opening then closing)
+    public static Mat MorphologicalClean(Mat mask, int kernelSize = 3)
+    {
+        Mat kernel = Cv2.GetStructuringElement(MorphShapes.Rect, new Size(kernelSize, kernelSize));
+        Mat opened = new();
+        Cv2.MorphologyEx(mask, opened, MorphTypes.Open, kernel);
+        Mat cleaned = new();
+        Cv2.MorphologyEx(opened, cleaned, MorphTypes.Close, kernel);
+        return cleaned;
+    }
+
+    // Create a binary mask by HSV range. lower and upper are HSV in OpenCV order: H:0-180, S:0-255, V:0-255
+    public static Mat ColorRangeHSV(Mat src, Scalar lowerHsv, Scalar upperHsv)
+    {
+        Mat hsv = new();
+        Cv2.CvtColor(src, hsv, ColorConversionCodes.BGR2HSV);
+        Mat mask = new();
+        Cv2.InRange(hsv, lowerHsv, upperHsv, mask);
+        return mask;
+    }
+
+    // Create a binary mask by Euclidean distance in color space to a target color.
+    // If useLab is true, convert BGR->Lab before distance to get perceptual distance.
+    // targetColor is Scalar(b, g, r). thresh is distance threshold.
+    public static Mat ColorDistanceMask(Mat src, Scalar targetColor, double thresh, bool useLab = false)
+    {
+        Mat working = new();
+        if (useLab)
+        {
+            Cv2.CvtColor(src, working, ColorConversionCodes.BGR2Lab);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            src.CopyTo(working);
+        }
+
+        Mat f32 = new();
+        working.ConvertTo(f32, MatType.CV_32F);
+
+        // Prepare a Mat filled with the target color (in same color space)
+        Mat target = new Mat(f32.Size(), MatType.CV_32FC3, new Scalar(targetColor.Val0, targetColor.Val1, targetColor.Val2));
+
+        Mat diff = new();
+        Cv2.Subtract(f32, target, diff);
+
+        Mat sq = new();
+        Cv2.Multiply(diff, diff, sq);
+
+        // sum channels
+        Mat[] ch = Cv2.Split(sq);
+        Mat sum = new();
+        Cv2.Add(ch[0], ch[1], sum);
+        Cv2.Add(sum, ch[2], sum);
+
+        Mat dist = new();
+        Cv2.Sqrt(sum, dist);
+
+        Mat mask = new();
+        // pixels with distance <= thresh -> 255 in mask
+        Cv2.Threshold(dist, mask, thresh, 255, ThresholdTypes.BinaryInv);
+
+        // ensure mask is CV_8U
+        if (mask.Type() != MatType.CV_8U)
+        {
+            Mat tmp = new();
+            mask.ConvertTo(tmp, MatType.CV_8U);
+            return tmp;
+        }
+
+        return mask;
+    }
+
+    // Canny edge based segmentation.
+    // Returns a binary edge mask (0/255). Parameters threshold1 and threshold2 are the Canny low/high thresholds.
+    // If makeRegions is true, the function will invert edges and apply closing to produce coarse region masks.
+    public static Mat CannySegmentation(Mat src, double threshold1 = 100.0, double threshold2 = 200.0,
+        bool blur = true, int blurKernel = 5, int apertureSize = 3, bool L2gradient = false,
+        bool makeRegions = false, int morphKernel = 3)
+    {
+        Mat gray = new();
+        Cv2.CvtColor(src, gray, ColorConversionCodes.BGR2GRAY);
+
+        if (blur)
+        {
+            Cv2.GaussianBlur(gray, gray, new Size(blurKernel, blurKernel), 0);
+        }
+
+        Mat edges = new();
+        Cv2.Canny(gray, edges, threshold1, threshold2, apertureSize, L2gradient);
+
+        if (!makeRegions)
+        {
+            return edges;
+        }
+
+        // Convert edge map to coarse regions by inverting edges and closing gaps
+        Mat inv = new();
+        Cv2.BitwiseNot(edges, inv);
+
+        Mat kernel = Cv2.GetStructuringElement(MorphShapes.Rect, new Size(morphKernel, morphKernel));
+        Mat closed = new();
+        Cv2.MorphologyEx(inv, closed, MorphTypes.Close, kernel);
+
+        // Optional: threshold to ensure binary
+        Mat mask = new();
+        Cv2.Threshold(closed, mask, 128, 255, ThresholdTypes.Binary);
+        return mask;
+    }
+
+    // Sobel gradient magnitude thresholding segmentation.
+    // thresh is the threshold applied to gradient magnitude (0-255 after normalization).
+    public static Mat SobelMagnitudeSegmentation(Mat src, double thresh = 50.0, bool blur = true, int blurKernel = 3)
+    {
+        Mat gray = new();
+        Cv2.CvtColor(src, gray, ColorConversionCodes.BGR2GRAY);
+
+        if (blur)
+        {
+            Cv2.GaussianBlur(gray, gray, new Size(blurKernel, blurKernel), 0);
+        }
+
+        Mat gx = new();
+        Mat gy = new();
+        Cv2.Sobel(gray, gx, MatType.CV_32F, 1, 0, ksize: 3);
+        Cv2.Sobel(gray, gy, MatType.CV_32F, 0, 1, ksize: 3);
+
+        Mat mag = new();
+        Cv2.Magnitude(gx, gy, mag);
+
+        // Normalize magnitude to 0-255
+        Mat mag8u = new();
+        Cv2.Normalize(mag, mag, 0, 255, NormTypes.MinMax);
+        mag.ConvertTo(mag8u, MatType.CV_8U);
+
+        Mat mask = new();
+        Cv2.Threshold(mag8u, mask, thresh, 255, ThresholdTypes.Binary);
+        return mask;
+    }
+
+    // --- Second-derivative (Laplacian) based methods ---
+
+    // Simple Laplacian magnitude thresholding.
+    // ksize: aperture size for the Laplacian operator (1,3,5...). thresh: threshold on normalized magnitude (0-255).
+    public static Mat LaplacianSegmentation(Mat src, int ksize = 3, double thresh = 30.0, bool blur = true, int blurKernel = 3)
+    {
+        Mat gray = new();
+        Cv2.CvtColor(src, gray, ColorConversionCodes.BGR2GRAY);
+
+        if (blur)
+        {
+            Cv2.GaussianBlur(gray, gray, new Size(blurKernel, blurKernel), 0);
+        }
+
+        Mat lap = new();
+        Cv2.Laplacian(gray, lap, MatType.CV_32F, ksize: ksize);
+
+        Mat absLap = new();
+        absLap = Cv2.Abs(lap);
+
+        Mat norm = new();
+        Cv2.Normalize(absLap, norm, 0, 255, NormTypes.MinMax);
+
+        Mat mask = new();
+        norm.ConvertTo(norm, MatType.CV_8U);
+        Cv2.Threshold(norm, mask, thresh, 255, ThresholdTypes.Binary);
+        return mask;
+    }
+
+    // Laplacian of Gaussian: blur with Gaussian (sigma), then Laplacian, then detect zero-crossings.
+    // zeroCrossThreshold is applied to absolute Laplacian magnitude to avoid weak crossings caused by noise.
+    public static Mat LoGSegmentation(Mat src, double sigma = 1.4, double zeroCrossThreshold = 5.0, bool useKernelSize = false, int ksize = 0)
+    {
+        // choose kernel size from sigma if requested
+        if (!useKernelSize && ksize == 0)
+        {
+            ksize = (int)(sigma * 6) | 1; // ensure odd
+        }
+
+        Mat gray = new();
+        Cv2.CvtColor(src, gray, ColorConversionCodes.BGR2GRAY);
+
+        Mat blurred = new();
+        Cv2.GaussianBlur(gray, blurred, new Size(ksize, ksize), sigma);
+
+        Mat lap = new();
+        Cv2.Laplacian(blurred, lap, MatType.CV_32F, ksize: 3);
+
+        Mat absLap = new();
+        absLap = Cv2.Abs(lap);
+
+        Mat mask = ZeroCrossingMask(absLap, zeroCrossThreshold);
+        return mask;
+    }
+
+    // Difference of Gaussians as approximation of LoG.
+    // sigma1 < sigma2. thresh is applied to absolute DoG response after normalization.
+    public static Mat DoGSegmentation(Mat src, double sigma1 = 1.0, double sigma2 = 2.0, double thresh = 10.0, bool normalize = true)
+    {
+        Mat gray = new();
+        Cv2.CvtColor(src, gray, ColorConversionCodes.BGR2GRAY);
+
+        int k1 = (int)(sigma1 * 6) | 1;
+        int k2 = (int)(sigma2 * 6) | 1;
+
+        Mat g1 = new();
+        Mat g2 = new();
+        Cv2.GaussianBlur(gray, g1, new Size(k1, k1), sigma1);
+        Cv2.GaussianBlur(gray, g2, new Size(k2, k2), sigma2);
+
+        Mat dog = new();
+        Cv2.Subtract(g1, g2, dog);
+
+        Mat absDog = new();
+        absDog = Cv2.Abs(dog);
+
+        if (normalize)
+        {
+            Cv2.Normalize(absDog, absDog, 0, 255, NormTypes.MinMax);
+        }
+
+        Mat mask = new();
+        absDog.ConvertTo(absDog, MatType.CV_8U);
+        Cv2.Threshold(absDog, mask, thresh, 255, ThresholdTypes.Binary);
+        return mask;
+    }
+
+    // Compute Otsu variance profiles for thresholds 0..254 (we evaluate t as threshold separating [0..t] and [t+1..255]).
+    // Returns best thresholds (max between-class variance and min within-class variance) and the per-threshold arrays.
+    public static (int bestByBetween, int bestByWithin, double[] betweenVars, double[] withinVars) ComputeOtsuVarianceProfiles(Mat src)
+    {
+        // ensure grayscale CV_8U
+        Mat gray = new();
+        if (src.Type() == MatType.CV_8U && src.Channels() == 1)
+        {
+            src.CopyTo(gray);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            Cv2.CvtColor(src, gray, ColorConversionCodes.BGR2GRAY);
+        }
+
+        int rows = gray.Rows;
+        int cols = gray.Cols;
+        int total = rows * cols;
+
+        // histogram
+        double[] hist = new double[256];
+        for (int y = 0; y < rows; y++)
+        {
+            for (int x = 0; x < cols; x++)
+            {
+                byte v = gray.At<byte>(y, x);
+                hist[v] += 1.0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // convert to probabilities
+        for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) hist[i] /= total;
+
+        // cumulative arrays
+        double[] P = new double[256]; // cumulative probability
+        double[] S = new double[256]; // cumulative first moment (i * p(i))
+        double[] M2 = new double[256]; // cumulative second moment (i^2 * p(i))
+
+        double pAcc = 0, sAcc = 0, m2Acc = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+        {
+            pAcc += hist[i];
+            sAcc += i * hist[i];
+            m2Acc += i * i * hist[i];
+            P[i] = pAcc;
+            S[i] = sAcc;
+            M2[i] = m2Acc;
+        }
+
+        double muT = S[255];
+        double m2T = M2[255];
+
+        // total variance (scalar)
+        double totalVar = m2T - muT * muT;
+
+        int maxIndexBetween = 0;
+        int minIndexWithin = 0;
+        double maxBetween = double.MinValue;
+        double minWithin = double.MaxValue;
+
+        // arrays to hold per-threshold values (we'll fill 256 but only meaningful up to 254)
+        double[] betweenVars = new double[256];
+        double[] withinVars = new double[256];
+
+        for (int t = 0; t < 255; t++)
+        {
+            double w0 = P[t];
+            double w1 = 1.0 - w0;
+
+            if (w0 <= 0.0 || w1 <= 0.0)
+            {
+                betweenVars[t] = 0.0;
+                withinVars[t] = double.PositiveInfinity;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            double s0 = S[t];
+            double s1 = S[255] - s0;
+            double m20 = M2[t];
+            double m21 = m2T - m20;
+
+            double mu0 = s0 / w0;
+            double mu1 = s1 / w1;
+
+            // between-class variance
+            double sigmaB = w0 * w1 * (mu0 - mu1) * (mu0 - mu1);
+            betweenVars[t] = sigmaB;
+
+            // within-class variance via second moments: var0 = M2_0/w0 - mu0^2
+            double var0 = m20 / w0 - mu0 * mu0;
+            double var1 = m21 / w1 - mu1 * mu1;
+            double sigmaW = w0 * var0 + w1 * var1; // weighted within-class variance
+            withinVars[t] = sigmaW;
+
+            if (sigmaB > maxBetween)
+            {
+                maxBetween = sigmaB;
+                maxIndexBetween = t;
+            }
+
+            if (sigmaW < minWithin)
+            {
+                minWithin = sigmaW;
+                minIndexWithin = t;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return (maxIndexBetween, minIndexWithin, betweenVars, withinVars);
+    }
+
+    // Helper: detect zero-crossings in a floating-point Laplacian image.
+    // A pixel is considered edge if any 4-neighbor has opposite sign and the absolute difference exceeds 'threshold'.
+    private static Mat ZeroCrossingMask(Mat lapFloat, double threshold)
+    {
+        // ensure lapFloat is CV_32F
+        Mat lap = new();
+        if (lapFloat.Type() != MatType.CV_32F)
+        {
+            lapFloat.ConvertTo(lap, MatType.CV_32F);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            lap = lapFloat.Clone();
+        }
+
+        int rows = lap.Rows;
+        int cols = lap.Cols;
+        Mat mask = new Mat(rows, cols, MatType.CV_8U, Scalar.All(0));
+
+        for (int y = 1; y < rows - 1; y++)
+        {
+            for (int x = 1; x < cols - 1; x++)
+            {
+                float v = lap.At<float>(y, x);
+                // check 8 neighbors
+                bool isZeroCross = false;
+                float maxDiff = 0f;
+                for (int ny = -1; ny <= 1; ny++)
+                {
+                    for (int nx = -1; nx <= 1; nx++)
+                    {
+                        if (ny == 0 && nx == 0) continue;
+                        float vn = lap.At<float>(y + ny, x + nx);
+                        if ((v > 0 && vn < 0) || (v < 0 && vn > 0))
+                        {
+                            float diff = MathF.Abs(v - vn);
+                            if (diff > maxDiff) maxDiff = diff;
+                            isZeroCross = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (isZeroCross && maxDiff >= threshold)
+                {
+                    mask.Set(y, x, (byte)255);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return mask;
+    }
+
+    private static float Clamp(float v)
+    {
+        if (v < 0) return 0;
+        if (v > 255) return 255;
+        return v;
+    }
+}

DigitalImageProcessing/GLobalTools.cs

@@ -2,34 +2,89 @@
 
 namespace DigitalImageProcessing
 {
-	internal static class GLobalTools
+    internal static class GLobalTools
-	{
+    {
-		public static SKBitmap GetFull(string filepath) => SKBitmap.Decode(filepath);
+        public static SKBitmap GetFull(string filepath) => SKBitmap.Decode(filepath);
-		public static SKBitmap GetGray(string filepath)
+        public static SKBitmap GetGray(string filepath)
-		{
+        {
-			SKBitmap src = SKBitmap.Decode(filepath);
+            SKBitmap src = SKBitmap.Decode(filepath);
-			Parallel.For(0, src.Height - 1, (y) =>
+            Parallel.For(0, src.Height - 1, (y) =>
-				Parallel.For(0, src.Width - 1, (x) =>
+                Parallel.For(0, src.Width - 1, (x) =>
-				{
+                {
-					SKColor color = src.GetPixel(x, y);
+                    SKColor color = src.GetPixel(x, y);
-					byte avg = (byte)((color.Red + color.Green + color.Blue) / 3);
+                    byte avg = (byte)((color.Red + color.Green + color.Blue) / 3);
-					src.SetPixel(x, y, new(avg, avg, avg));
+                    src.SetPixel(x, y, new(avg, avg, avg));
-				})
+                })
-			);
+            );
-			return src;
+            return src;
-		}
+        }
-		public static SKBitmap GetBinary(string filepath)
+        public static SKBitmap GetBinary(string filepath)
-		{
+        {
-			SKBitmap src = SKBitmap.Decode(filepath);
+            SKBitmap src = SKBitmap.Decode(filepath);
-			Parallel.For(0, src.Height - 1, (y) =>
+            Parallel.For(0, src.Height - 1, (y) =>
-				Parallel.For(0, src.Width - 1, (x) =>
+                Parallel.For(0, src.Width - 1, (x) =>
-				{
+                {
-					SKColor color = src.GetPixel(x, y);
+                    SKColor color = src.GetPixel(x, y);
-					byte bin = (byte)((color.Red + color.Green + color.Blue) / 3 > 128 ? 256 : 0);
+                    byte bin = (byte)((color.Red + color.Green + color.Blue) / 3 > 128 ? 256 : 0);
-					src.SetPixel(x, y, new(bin, bin, bin));
+                    src.SetPixel(x, y, new(bin, bin, bin));
-				})
+                })
-			);
+            );
-			return src;
+            return src;
-		}
+        }
-	}
+        public static int[,] GetGrayAsArray(string filepath)
+        {
+            SKBitmap src = SKBitmap.Decode(filepath);
+            int[,] result = new int[src.Width, src.Height];
+            Parallel.For(0, src.Height - 1, (y) =>
+                Parallel.For(0, src.Width - 1, (x) =>
+                {
+                    SKColor color = src.GetPixel(x, y);
+                    byte avg = (byte)((color.Red + color.Green + color.Blue) / 3);
+                    result[x, y] = avg;
+                })
+            );
+            return result;
+        }
+        public static T[,] Select<T>(this T[,] array, Func<T, T> func)
+        {
+            int width = array.GetLength(0);
+            int height = array.GetLength(1);
+            T[,] result = new T[width, height];
+            Parallel.For(0, height - 1, (y) =>
+                Parallel.For(0, width - 1, (x) =>
+                {
+                    result[x, y] = func(array[x, y]);
+                })
+            );
+            return result;
+        }
+        public static T[,] Select<T>(this T[,] array, Func<T, int, int, T> func)
+        {
+            int width = array.GetLength(0);
+            int height = array.GetLength(1);
+            T[,] result = new T[width, height];
+            Parallel.For(0, height - 1, (y) =>
+                Parallel.For(0, width - 1, (x) =>
+                {
+                    result[x, y] = func(array[x, y], x, y);
+                })
+            );
+            return result;
+        }
+        public static void Save(this int[,] array, string filepath)
+        {
+            int width = array.GetLength(0);
+            int height = array.GetLength(1);
+            using SKBitmap output = new(width, height);
+            Parallel.For(0, height - 1, (y) =>
+                Parallel.For(0, width - 1, (x) =>
+                {
+                    byte val = (byte)array[x, y];
+                    output.SetPixel(x, y, new SKColor(val, val, val));
+                })
+            );
+            using FileStream fs = new(filepath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write);
+            output.Encode(fs, SKEncodedImageFormat.Png, 100);
+        }
+    }
 }

DigitalImageProcessing/Program.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 using DigitalImageProcessing;
 using SkiaSharp;
 
-HSI.Run();
+Segmentation.Run();
 
 //string testImage = @"C:\Users\Surface\Downloads\" + @"1682575881230001.png";
 ////Alograms.Steps(@"C:\Users\Surface\Downloads\", @"C:\Users\Surface\Downloads\" + @"1682575881230001.png");

DigitalImageProcessing/Segmentation.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+namespace DigitalImageProcessing
+{
+    internal static class Segmentation
+    {
+        public static void Run()
+        {
+            int thresholdValue = 128;
+            int thresholdDelta = 5;
+
+            float delta = float.MaxValue;
+            int loopCount = 0;
+
+            int[,] grayImage = GLobalTools.GetGrayAsArray(@"C:\Users\Surface\Downloads\OIP.webp");
+
+            while (delta > thresholdDelta)
+            {
+                loopCount++;
+                List<int> forePix = [], backPix = [];
+                for (int i = 0; i < grayImage.GetLength(0); i++)
+                    for (int j = 0; j < grayImage.GetLength(1); j++)
+                        if (grayImage[i, j] >= thresholdValue)
+                            forePix.Add(grayImage[i, j]);
+                        else
+                            backPix.Add(grayImage[i, j]);
+                int fore = (int)forePix.Average();
+                int back = (int)backPix.Average();
+                int thres = (fore + back) / 2;
+                delta = int.Abs(thres - thresholdValue);
+                thresholdValue = thres;
+                Console.WriteLine($"Current Threshold Value: {thres}, Delta: {delta}");
+            }
+            Console.WriteLine($"Final Threshold Value: {thresholdValue} found in {loopCount} loops.");
+            int[,] foreground = grayImage.Select(i => i > thresholdValue ? 255 : 0);
+            foreground.Save(@"C:\Users\Surface\Downloads\OIP_foreground.webp");
+        }
+    }
+}